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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Economy &amp; Innovations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Economy &amp; Innovations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цифровая экономика и инновации</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2074</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-4204</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">881</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/3034-2074-2025-3-62-1</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The influence of external factors on excess option volatility</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние внешних факторов на избыточную волатильность опционов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0887-5907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhironkin</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жиронкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, professor of Chair of Commerce and Marketing</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры торгового дела и маркетинга</p></bio><email>zhironkin@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1876-8144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalova</surname><given-names>Mariya E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалова</surname><given-names>Мария Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Director of the Institute of National and Global Economy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор, директор<bold><italic> </italic></bold>института национальной и мировой экономики</p></bio><email>mkonoval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4460-0468</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Economics), Associate Professor, assistant professor of Chair of Economic Theory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры экономической теории</p></bio><email>pisakina83@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrov</surname><given-names>Dmitry P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант</p></bio><email>dmitriy.aleksandrov.2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State University of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный экономический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">HSE University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Высшая школа экономики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Zhironkin S.A., Konovalova M.E., Kuzmina O.Y., Aleksandrov D.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Жиронкин С.А., Коновалова М.Е., Кузьмина О.Ю., Александров Д.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhironkin S.A., Konovalova M.E., Kuzmina O.Y., Aleksandrov D.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жиронкин С.А., Коновалова М.Е., Кузьмина О.Ю., Александров Д.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukieconomika.ru/jour/article/view/881">https://vektornaukieconomika.ru/jour/article/view/881</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of increasing geopolitical and macroeconomic instability, identifying and accounting for factors influencing option volatility is of particular interest to practicing investors. Over the past few years, the volumes of option trading have demonstrated steady growth, surpassing the volumes of futures trading, demonstrating the growing role of options in the structure of financial markets. High turbulence of economic processes leads to low risk management efficiency in options trading. This problem can be solved through a more accurate assessment of volatility price formation factors. The use of modern economic statistical analysis methods, including vector autoregressive (VAR) models, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, and machine learning techniques, allowed carrying out a comprehensive analysis aimed at identifying relevant variables and developing approaches to incorporating them in option volatility modeling. The authors focused on expanding and deepening scientific understanding of the nature and mechanisms of option volatility formation in the face of environmental instability. It is proved that geopolitical shocks and economic uncertainty have a significant impact on volatility, and that this impact is asymmetric: emerging markets demonstrate greater sensitivity to these factors than developed markets. The results and conclusions obtained can be used to forecast excess option volatility, which, when taken into account, will allow developing more profitable investment strategies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В условиях нарастающей геополитической и макроэкономической нестабильности выявление и учет факторов, влияющих на волатильность опционов, вызывает особый интерес среди практикующих инвесторов. За последние несколько лет объемы опционной торговли продемонстрировали устойчивый рост, превзойдя объемы торгов фьючерсами, что свидетельствует о растущей роли опционов в структуре финансовых рынков. Высокая турбулентность экономических процессов обусловливает низкую эффективность управления рисками опционной торговли. Решение проблемы возможно за счет более точной оценки факторов ценообразования волатильности. Применение современных методов экономико-статистического анализа, включая векторные авторегрессионные модели (VAR), модель авторегрессионной условной гетероскедастичности (GARCH), а также методы машинного обучения, позволило осуществить комплексный анализ, направленный на выявление релевантных переменных и разработку подходов к их учету в моделировании волатильности опционов. Авторы сосредоточили внимание на расширении и углублении научных представлений о природе и механизмах формирования волатильности опционов в условиях нестабильности внешней среды. Доказано, что геополитические шоки и экономическая неопределенность оказывают значимое влияние на волатильность, причем это воздействие носит асимметричный характер: развивающиеся рынки демонстрируют большую чувствительность к этим факторам, чем развитые. Полученные результаты и выводы могут быть использованы при прогнозировании избыточной волатильности опционов, учет которой позволит построить более эффективные с точки зрения доходности инвестиционные стратегии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>volatility</kwd><kwd>excess volatility</kwd><kwd>options</kwd><kwd>price formation</kwd><kwd>investment strategies</kwd><kwd>indices</kwd><kwd>vector autoregression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>волатильность</kwd><kwd>избыточная волатильность</kwd><kwd>опционы</kwd><kwd>ценообразование</kwd><kwd>инвестиционные стратегии</kwd><kwd>индексы</kwd><kwd>векторная авторегрессия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khoranyan M.E. Historical and expected volatility models: genesis and application. Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian university of economics. Introduction. 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