SPECIAL ASPECTS OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY BASED ON THE RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Strong spatial development disparity is a characteristic feature of the national economic system. On the base of the retrospective analysis, the paper made an attempt to justify the reasons for the polarization of spatial organization of the domestic economy at the present stage. To achieve goals set in the study, the authors analyzed the scientific papers that are widely accepted and implemented in the field of spatial development. This allowed identifying two alternative models of the economy spatial organization in the history of national economy development. The first model is a model of the uniform territory development, which characteristic feature is the equalization of regional development levels by the state. The second model is a model of competitive development of territories that characterized by the concentration of production factors in the most competitive regions.

The authors determined the principal differences between two models under consideration: maximization of profit of the economic entities as opposed to the priority of reducing the production costs at the state enterprises; economic independence of the economic entities instead of the centralized planning; priority of the intensive (innovative) development instead of the extensive (industrial) growth; the policy of focused development of basic regions (growth poles) instead of the policy of equalization of economic development.

To identify special aspects of the spatial organization of the modern national economy, the authors analyzed the concept of the development of territorial industrial complexes which underlies the model of the uniform economic development of a territory. The authors identified the issues determined by the characteristic features of the Soviet industrial heritage and affecting socio-economic development of territories at the modern stage. It is proved that the model of a uniform economic development of a territory did not fully correspond to the objective processes of evolution of the productive forces distribution. As the result, Soviet heritage influenced negatively the modern spatial organization of the national economy. Based on the results of the study, the issue of searching for a new model of spatial development, unique for our country, is actualized. This model should take into account both the specifics of a competitive model and the mechanisms of locating the productive forces that are successfully used in the planned economy.