DISPATCHABLE HYDRO-ELECTRICITY WITH DISTRIBUTED STORAGE AND PUMPED STORAGE

There has been a great effort by others concentrated on the efficient application and use of energy, and in particular electric energy, to reduce consumption.  What has been overlooked is the efficient production of electricity, especially using sustainable water resources.  In fact in the Province of Ontario, Canada, use of water for energy production is seldom mentioned since wind and solar are presently the popular preferences of the government.  Huge subsidies have been paid for these installations as the desire of the government is to present visible evidence to the public that “something is being done” to diminish air pollution and climate change.  This is a misguided effort since wind and solar cannot be dispatched with any degree of energy production efficiency or certainty; water is the only renewable source of energy which can be both efficiently produced and efficiently dispatched.  However, hydro-electric generating stations are in remote areas, have low visibility for the public, and thus are less attractive for political announcements.  The discussion below outlines the issue of the effective use of water for electric energy production.  It will provide an overview of how an integrated efficient renewable dispatchable energy system can be designed.  It will show how a better use of water can make wind and solar energy more effective.  It will also discuss a use for the surplus energy which inevitably arises mainly from wind energy developments to power a clean, green chemical industry.  There are implications for the Russian Federation!