No 4 (2019)

The problem of single-industry towns remains one of the most relevant and most complex due to the strong contrast between the levels of socio-economic development of single-industry municipalities. This phenomenon is especially typical for the Republic of Bashkortostan, where single-industry towns vary in population, the level of development of social infrastructure and industries. The paper considers the social and economic problems of the functioning of single-industry towns of the Republic of Bashkortostan identified basing on their current economic environment, as well as the tools and mechanisms of support to these municipalities. The author analyzes the modern criteria for classifying municipalities as single-industry towns. The analysis identified the criteria’s weak points: narrow criteria and rating formality. The author systematized the international and Russian experience in the field of managing the development of single-industry towns, identified the historical-genetic and civilizational features of the formation of monofunctional urban settlements systems and the features of urban development within the frames of various socio-economic systems. The author assessed the indicators of socio-economic development and the current level of single-industry towns’ competitiveness of the Republic of Bashkortostan and equivalent areas and determined the main characteristic features of the socio-economic development of single-industry towns. The study identified the causes, limitations, and factors influencing the existing values of indicators of socio-economic development of single-industry towns of the Republic of Bashkortostan and equivalent areas. The author developed the classification of single-industry towns, analyzed the standard of living of single-industry towns of the republic. This analysis is important for the process of implementing regional development models, solving the matters of employment, internal migration, training, and retraining. The author analyzed the introduction of new tools to support these territorial entities - the creation of the priority social and economic development areas, modernization of the existing industrial complex of municipalities with one city-forming enterprise.

The paper presents the solution of the problem to distribute the fund amounts for the medical organization development among its departments. The author formulates R. Bellman equations and proposes the solution of the problem through the application of the dynamic programming methods using the capabilities of the MS Excel Solver Tool. The criterion for making a decision on investing funds of the medical organization development foundation into its departments is proved, and a mechanism of practical implementation of the task is shown on the example of one of the Moscow medical organizations. As a criterion, it is proposed to use the ratio of the share of the i-th doctor’ contributions in the reporting period to the development of a medical institution among all doctors making similar contributions to the average cost of providing one paid medical service by the i-th doctor. In this work the author proposes a new approach to solve the problem of distribution of investments - the emphasis is on the centers of responsibility which are the medical organization departments, and as a source of funding is the medical institution Development Fund, which volume depends on the performance of each employee. This approach facilitates the most effective redistribution of financial resources among the departments and provides funding for equipping the workplace of medical and non-medical personnel with high-tech hospital facilities, modern medicines, advanced training of medical personnel. Eventually, it involves all the personnel in the management of the medical organization and becomes an additional incentive to increase productivity. Using the author’s tools based on the methods of dynamic programming, R. Bellman’s equations and built-in tools of the MS Excel software makes it possible to automate the process of managerial decision-making.

The paper deals with the issue of combination of own and debt capital in the financing of working assets of an organization. The author considered the existing scientific approaches to this problem. There are no reasonable criteria for the choice of the sources of working financing in the theory and practice of lending. In this regard, the development of scientific methods to justify the feasibility of attracting loans for working capital is relevant. The author justifies the technique of calculating the elements of net working capital based on the value of base indicator and the change in the time of turnover. The paper presents the technique of calculating the index of the time of working capital turnover and short-term liabilities making up the net working capital: accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventories, and value-added tax. The author studied the technique of calculating the need for working capital by two methods: based on the marginal profit and leverage and based on the sustainable growth model in terms of long-term loans and non-current assets. The ratio of net working capital and own working capital depending on the time of turnover and the rate of change in the base indicator and the terms of settlements with counterparties are considered. Based on the financial model, the author studied the dependences between own working capital and net working capital and their impact on the need for loans. Using an illustrative example, the author calculated own working capital for the crediting period. Attracting loans for working assets is advisable in case of the lack of net profit for additional financing. The external financing can ensure the growth of assets resulting from the required increase in sales. Changes in the terms and conditions of settlements with counterparties may also cause the need for lending.

Innovative development of the agro-industrial complex requires technical modernization of the industry. That is why the issues of updating the machine and tractor fleet, increasing the level of mechanization of agro-industrial production are important. The paper analyzes the structure of machinery in the agricultural sector of Russia and the frequency of its renewal over the past 27 years. The conducted research has revealed the negative dynamics of technical support of the agricultural economy. The subject of the study is the process of technical modernization of the industry and the factors influencing it. The author is using economic and mathematical methods, in particular, regression modeling, as the tools of the problem analysis. The main research is carried out on the example of the Rostov region as one of the leaders of agricultural production in Russia characterized by a high level of renewal of machine and tractor fleet in the rural economy. The results of economic and statistical analysis have identified the factors affecting the level of acquisition of technical equipment in the agricultural sector. The main factors influencing the purchase of agricultural machinery are the following: indexation of the price of agricultural machinery, profitability of production, the price per a ton of wheat, the size of state support for equipment (all levels), net profit per 100 hectares of arable land, ruble exchange rate against dollar, and the yield of grain crops. As a result of the regression analysis, the authors have developed an economic and mathematical model that determines the degree of influence of each factor on the process of technical renewal of agricultural equipment in the Rostov Region. Evaluation of the reliability quality of the obtained model demonstrates a significant relationship between the volume of agricultural machinery acquisition and the yield of grain crops. Using the tools of economic and mathematical modeling, the author proves that state support does not affect the modernization of the industry.