No 2 (2022)

The paper gives the characteristics of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) concerning its state, difficulties, problems, and development prospects. The author considers measures adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation for further development of the advanced icebreakers fleet and the advantages of applying an innovative approach, which pays special attention to the development of the Northern Sea Route as an essential marine transport corridor of Russia. It is noteworthy that a new approach to the functioning of an arctic sea transportation system in Russia suggests the substantial increase in the freight-traffic volume with the simultaneous development of its arctic territories within the zone of advanced economic growth. The author analyzes the update of legislative acts on the use of the Northern Sea Route, considers the restructuring and increase in freight traffic, measures for the development of the Northern Sea Route, the improvement of the organizational structure of management, and safety provision, as well as the shipping traffic and port development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The paper concludes that currently, the development of the Northern Sea Route to a greater degree is associated with the solution of interrelated tasks of national security protection and socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic. Since the beginning of 2021, systematic work has been carried out to develop the NSR infrastructure. National enterprises Rosatom, PJSC Novatek, and its joint venture Yamal LNG are the key operators of the route. In the current geopolitical situation, the NSR is the large sea communication protected from external influence, which can positively affect the economic growth of Russia.        

The paper considers the issues of spatial distribution of the livestock sub-sectors. In fact, the level of development of the livestock sub-sectors in the global economy determines both the level and life expectancy of the population and the total intellectual potential of the nation. The authors propose an algorithm for diagnosing the conditions of spatial arrangement of the agricultural production branches. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is the deep elaboration of the issue of internal zoning of the RF constituent entities. The algorithm includes the assessment of qualitative and quantitative indicators and allows identifying the level of the existing and potentially possible specialization of natural-economic zones. During the study, the authors identified the reserve opportunities of priority animal husbandry sub-sectors and the key problems hindering their development. The scientific abstraction method and the economic and statistical methods were the calculation and analytical tools. The authors developed the algorithm for diagnosing the spatial distribution of the livestock industries on a competitive-preferential platform based on the regional strategic planning documents. The proposed algorithm was tested on the example of the Rostov region as one of the major geostrategic near-border agricultural regions of Russia characterized by the significant distortions of the sectoral structure and a high level of export-oriented potential in the field of crop production. The results of the study allowed revealing the hidden strategic competitive advantages of individual natural and economic zones of the region in the production of main types of the livestock products. The study proved that the strategic competitive advantages of the livestock industry are largely determined by both the natural and climatic potential and the level of modern technologies application. 

The need of economic entities in financial risks hedging, in investments retention or increase can be met through the expanding the financial instruments used, which is possible to be achieved by promoting the stock market availability. The commercial banks activities in the securities market are diverse and include the role of an issuer, an investor, and a professional participant in the securities market. The activities on the security trust management and implementing brokerage activities are of the greatest importance as in this case, a commercial bank implements the mediating role ensuring the stock market availability for investors. The paper evaluates the evolution of the stock market formation and functioning with regard to the influence of the existing financial instruments and needs of the financial market participants on the dynamics and peak of its development. The author analyzes special aspects of the financial institutes’ activity, specifies the important role of commercial banks in attracting and allocating investment resources. The paper contains the systematization of the external and internal limitations affecting the commercial bank’s financial policy. Despite the extensive list of the external and internal factors affecting the economic policy of a bank, the key role is assigned to the management policy, on which the investment conditions proposed by a bank to its customers depend. The author proposes a mechanism of combining the active-passive and active operations of a commercial bank involving the development of such an optimal financial product that would meet the interests of retail investors in buying the stock market financial products and the needs of issuers (borrowers) in investment resources. This mechanism will allow promoting the power of commercial banks as underwriters in securities market. The author recommends the improvement of a customer-oriented approach for commercial banks when developing financial products and services.