No 2 (2011)

In presented article attempt to open history and essence of the modern budget is made. Budget principles, including principles of an annual cycle, integrity, integrated approach, unity, independence, completeness, a reality, publicity, elasticity, limitation in expenses, definitions of approximate volume of expenses, budget regulations according to a kind of activity, calculation of incomes before expenses, differentiation of constant and time expenses are analyzed.

The paper introduces along with traditional method, new approaches for risk of fuzzy sets the efficiency of an α-level assessment based on the investment project and the limitary parameter of efficiency are presented as of the introduced fuzzy sets the risk zone α-level a fuzzy sets and for each is defined .The geometrical probability of belonging of value of the efficiency to the risk zone as the degree of risk is considered.

In given article potential advantages of national economies of the countries of the post-Soviet territory in the conditions of competitiveness strengthening are considered. The idea that formation of competitiveness of national economy is characterized by frequency and depth of the structural transformations defined by necessity of technological updating and its adaptation both changing internal and external conditions is proved.

In article interpretation of social and economic value of development of not oil sector is given, the potential of development of such spheres as the machine-building, tanning, mining industry, etc. In article prospects of development of an agrarian and industrial complex, a problem of rational use of available natural resources also are investigated is shown. Ways of carrying out of the given reforms and the reason, disturbing to development of not oil industries are considered; ways of their elimination are proved.

The article mentions the leading researchers concerned with the comparative analysis models of "economic man" as an individual, utility-maximizing. It is about the essence and the problems of decline in the motivation of labor activity, drop of productivity in the economy, substantiated the institutional mechanism of motivation in economic activity and the direction of formation a new system of labor and business activity in transition economy.

Pricing is not the only one of the main components of an enterprise management system, but also an important mechanism to strengthen its economic status. The article deals with the steps, methods and approaches to pricing depending on various factors and challenges companies to achieve planned economic results.