No 1 (2020)

The paper deals with the issues of organization of tax accounting of innovative activity as one of the major shortcomings of innovative activity organization is that there is no a uniform system of accounts and accounting registers to reflect the expenses, incomes, and financial results of the Research and Development activity at an enterprise. The available accounting records, business accounts do not provide reliable data for the analysis of innovative products and their impact on the financial results of a company. The authors consider the approaches to the term “reserves” according to IFRS 37 and the domestic standard PBU 8/2010. The paper presents the classification of reserves by the nature of their occurrence. The authors give the recommendations on the disclosure of the accrued expenses for the Research and Development Activity in the accounts of book records, as well as the recommendations on the use of the reserves at the research stage, in particular, they show the order of accounting records at the moment of business transaction execution and the last day of a month (quarter). The necessity to form the valuation reserves for innovation activity is proved. For the accounting of the reserves for innovative activities, the authors offer to use a vacant number in the first section of the Chart of accounts - account 06 called “Allowance for innovative activities”. The paper contains the recommendations for the disclosure of transactions on the recording of the reserve for innovative activity in accounting. The authors developed the procedure for the creation of the reserve for future R & D expenditures. Besides, the authors demonstrated the application of the proposed method on the digital material of a particular enterprise - Kamyshinsky Plant of Locksmith Tools LLC and showed the scheme of calculation of taxable difference and deferred tax liability.

The export of agricultural products is one of the priority tasks of current state policy. To make policy decisions on the regulation of agricultural enterprise activity, it is necessary to understand the economic effect of international economic activity reflected in the reporting indicators. Accounting (financial) statements are the main source of information about the property status and the results of the activity of an organization. In this respect, the role and significance of financial statements as the main source of reliable information while making policy decisions increases. The paper deals with the problems of the formation of reliable economic information in accounting (financial) statements of agricultural organizations carrying out foreign trade activity. The authors considered the specific features of the reporting package provided by agricultural organizations. The paper introduces a brief review of information disclosed in the special-purpose forms of reports of agricultural organizations. Using the example of the accounting (financial) statements of leading Russian exporters, the authors identified the major deficiencies in the current forms of accounting reports. According to the results of the study, the authors developed the recommendations on the extension of the information base in the special-purpose forms of reports of the organizations of the agro-industrial complex, on modifying of balance sheet and the financial results report concerning the disclosure of information on the results of international economic activity by adding supplemental lines to the essential rows with the disclosure of the information on export operations. These recommendations will increase transparency, compatibility, and, as a result, the reliability of the financial statements forms, and will update and develop the scientific base of other scientists-economists in the sphere of accounting of international economic activity. The obtained results can be applied in the practice of accounting offices of organizations-exporters.

Within this study, the authors proposed to pay special attention to the strategic tax analysis in terms of assessing tax risks, which allows obtaining the information about both the current and future state of the tax system of a business entity. The authors offer the technique of tax risk analysis and assessment as one of the directions of strategic tax analysis allowing solving the issue of preparing the advanced information support required to make management decisions concerning tax planning and forecasting. The proposed technique aims at the development of tax analysis tools in terms of identifying, ranking, and mathematical determination of tax risk general level taking into account the retrospective, current, and future risk nature necessary to form an economic decision about risk acceptance or its minimization. The technique is based on the application of mathematical tools, particularly, the use of tax risk level extrapolation with the application of linear regression, where the independent indicator is the planned sum of tax liabilities of a company. This allows getting an idea of the planned level of tax risk expanding the information possibilities of tax analysis. The study made it possible to conclude that when assessing tax risks, it is necessary to take into account both the accomplished facts of business life causing tax liabilities and those facts that have not occurred yet but can come true in the future and affect the changes in tax liabilities.