No 2 (2016)

Taking into account the requirements and interests of the stakeholders, the universities can increase the interest, the trust, and the loyalty. In this paper, the concept of stakeholders is applied to the universities’ activity. The author considers one of the most problematic issues of the relations between the university and the stakeholders associated with the absence of a mechanism for collecting, recording and analysis of the informative data required by each party for the assessment of the level of the requirements satisfaction. The study of the theoretical and practical experience of the stakeholder approach application allowed identifying the main stakeholders of the university and dividing them into groups. Applying the process and stakeholder approaches to the universities’ activity (educational and research), the author divided the stakeholders according to the blocks of the process: input, output, control, resources and built up the block scheme of the university activity process reflecting the stakeholders. The author suggested solving the problem of the absence of the system for the information collection, recording and evaluation in the regulation of interrelations between the university and the stakeholders and the forming of a system of the information exchange and providing reliable data from stakeholders basing on the construction of the university activity control system. The system will resolve the issues of creating of high-quality and reliable information base providing analytical support for management decisions being made in order to ensure the sustainable development of the university, the growth of its activity performance indicators and the international competitiveness improving. All these can be achieved using the suggested guidelines for the development of methods and tools for feedback with the stakeholders including the identification of risks and the establishment of control measures.

The importance of the research is closely connected with reforms in the system of education and reorganization of the municipal management system in Russia. The paper considers the issue of effective certification processes applied to municipal officers. It reveals regulatory features of certification of municipal officers, defines the concept of “state funded educational institution” and the sources for financing of state funded educational institution. The authors analyze a number of scientific works relative to the issues of administrative law, some aspects of assessment and certification of employees of various enterprises and organizations. The paper describes the results of theoretical analysis of the practice of holding certification of municipal officers, analyzes provisions of laws and regulations that govern the assessment of employees’ activity while switching to professional standards. The authors scrutinize the content of the sample regulation for certification of pedagogical staff and executives of the government and municipal educational institutions and organizations of the Russian Federation. It was found out that the main purpose of certification is to stimulate interest in improvement of skills, performance of teaching and administrative work, as well as development of creative initiatives to ensure social and legal protection of employees. It states the need to change the certification procedure by forming the criteria corresponding to acting laws and regulations, and application of a wider range of assessment techniques. The authors discuss the requirements of the professional standard of a “Teacher”, which characterize the job functions of teachers, especially teachers of preschool and primary education. The paper studies the structure of an effective contract as a tool for improving the qualification of employees of municipal educational institutions, and shows possible directions to improve the effectiveness of certification systems for employees of municipal institutions, in particular, in the field of education, in modern situation of their switch to professional standards.

The relevance of the issue under the study is directly concerned with the necessity of the search for the factors of recovery of the Russian economy in the whole and its certain entities in particular. First, Russian economic science faces the tasks of theoretical underpinning and practical solution to the problem of lag in investment and innovative development. The paper states that the domestic manufacturers will not be able to adapt for significant appreciation of import of intermediate and investment goods, that is why foreign investments in Primorye can be considered as the economic growth drivers. The authors present some theoretical aspects of the capital flow theory. In particular, positive correlation between the foreign investments inflow and the efficiency of domestic manufacturers is noted. Besides that, the paper gives the assessment of investment behavior on the country and region levels. The authors determined the position of Primorsky Krai and Vladivostok in various investment ratings. This study showed that the framework conditions for the formation of favorable investment behavior are created and the economic and investment stability are ensured in Primorsky Krai. The authors revealed that the key mechanisms of the improvement of investment attractiveness of Primorsky Krai are the formation of the institutional environment, the creation of new normative base, region promotion on the world stage, the introduction of special tax, customs, and administrative regimes. The paper underlines the priority and special significance of institutional instruments of the organization of favorable business environment, such as the Free port of Vladivostok and the territory of priority social and economic development. The paper determines the main causes of the foreign investments inflow to the territory of Primorsky Krai and notes the consequences of the international capital flow.

The research of the problems of uneven economic development of territories and regions takes the important place in the study of the mechanism of sustainable growth of national economies. China, which achieved the outstanding success in its economic development, faces the challenge of strengthening of regional uneven development manifested in the lag of central and western regions from the eastern ones by a variety of indicators. This problem worsens the general socio-economic situation on the way of prosperous society construction. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of unevenness in the socio-economic development of the regions of China in the context of the sustainable growth of Chinese economy, as well as analysis of the ways to overcome it. The paper proves the urgency of the problem of uneven regional development for China, determines the indicators and methods to assess the extent of territorial unevenness, analyzes the uneven distribution of foreign direct investments, foreign economic potential, gross regional production throughout the provinces of China, and evaluates the degree of differentiation of the provinces by GDP per capita and the level of differentiation of the regions in terms of disposable income. In the result of the study, the authors conclude that the uneven distribution of production volumes is less in comparison with the distribution of foreign economic potential, and the role of national investment in the domestic economic policy of China is very important. The authors’ conclusions are based both on the results of statistical data analysis and on the basis of the study of special aspects of the Chinese government regional policy, which is specially considered in the paper. Taking into account the points of view of the wide range of experts, the authors suggest the partial solution of the problem of uneven territorial development of China closer to the middle of this century.

The paper considers the direction of development of BRICS corporate structures highlighting the creation of the group of competitive enterprises, which dominate on the national markets, and the provision of the conditions for their expansion to the international markets. It is shown that there is no single concept of the stages of formation of the developing countries corporations and their characteristics. In this regard, the study of the directions of development of global competitiveness of transnational corporations (TNC) causes the necessity to take into account the integrity and the multidimensionality of this economic category. The author proved that the modern TNCs are characterized by the unique managerial and organizational properties, the ability to combine synergistically manufacturing recourses, capital flows, qualified personnel, and the innovative decisions aimed at the profit maximization and the steady growth achievement. In the paper, it is determined that the modern TNCs are the major sources of direct foreign investments (DFI) and have practically unlimited opportunities for industrial and territorial expansion with the use of the economies of scale effect for the profit maximization. The author pays special attention to the fact that the companies of developing countries base their activity on the “Linkage – Leverage – Learning” concept and use systematically international expansion as the launch pad for the further efficient economic development of the companies in the conditions of competitiveness both in the national and international markets. In the paper, the author gives the summary of the key overviews on the problem of BRICS countries TNCs formation and functioning taking into account the actions of the determining factors of the world economy globalization. The author considered the key theories and views on the issue of the developing countries TNCs formation and development; analyzed the grounds, the unique challenges and incentives for the activity in global markets; summarized the main characteristics of the BRICS countries TNCs and provided the recommendations on the competitiveness support.

The paper describes the results of the analysis of project financing evolution at various stages of history. The category of “project financing” within the frames of retrospective study served as the subject of the study. During the analysis, the author studied in details the process of formation and development of the key features of the project financing essence in various time realities starting with the thirteenth century, the period of occurrence of financing projects on the principles similar to the project financing in the modern sense, and up to this day, when the project financing is interpreted as a separate category of financing of the projects. In order to identify the priority economy sectors for the application of project financing at the present stage of development, the author carried out the analysis of current state of the application of this method. It allowed the identification of the leading industries of the economy, which include energy production, oil and gas industry and transportation. The author considered as well the experience of the project financing application throughout the countries that showed that the original project financing was widely used in the developed European countries and the USA, and only later, this method got the large-scale development and application in Asian regions.

The analysis of the study data allowed determining the improvement of project financing tool from its prototype to the modern interpretation and specifying the necessary conditions for its implementation depending on the specific of investment projects. Based on the studied experience of the project implementation by means of project financing, the author suggested the periodization of main stages of the project financing evolution formed and consolidated according to the criterion of common distinctive features for the years studied.