No 2 (2015)

The article discusses the characteristics of political conflicts as the part of global political processes. Saving conflict leads to disruption of stability and order in the world. Their decision should be based on a concrete analysis of the situation and facts. Analysis of the characteristic features of the conflicts in the Caucasus shows that in the world there are double standards in addressing them. This leads to a violation of the principles of international law.

In the article the assessment of the Ukrainian credit unions’ development in the post-crisis period has been made. The comparison of the general state of functioning of banking and non-banking credit institutions has been made. It’s stated that in the total credit market transactions the share of non-banking credit institutions is low because of the approval of the bank-oriented financial and credit system in Ukraine. The study states that in the height of the 2008–2009’s financial crisis credit unions were the only financial institutions that continued lending to the least protected sections of the population. The article concludes that credit unions play an important role in the credit market, as contributing to people’s access to credit resources because of the low propensity of banking institutions to understand the latest and complicated conditions of the Ukrainian population, which, because of their low incomes, do not able to get loans in banks.

Development of entrepreneurship in Russia over the past 25 years passed through various stages including the entrepreneurial clusters formed in a number of areas, but the process continues and it is particularly significant in terms of contemporary realities of the national economy of Russia. Well-formed and well-functioning entrepreneurial clusters can be the key to the new Russian economy in today's realities, namely in terms of sanctions, can become one of the measures to encourage and support small and medium-sized businesses and prejudge the possibility of import substitution initially within individual entrepreneurial clusters and later on the level of the national economy. Objective. Determine the process of business clusters’ formation. Develop a strategy to determine the conditions of the business cluster. Suggest approaches to the formulation and implementation of development strategies of business structures including the framework of enterprise clusters. Methods. Various aspects of the functioning of business organizations within the business cluster were analyzed in the article with descriptive methods using as well as options for developing and implementing the strategy of the business cluster were proposed. Results. During the crisis, an effective strategy for development of enterprise structures in the framework of enterprise clusters can provide the national economy of Russia efficient functioning and development. Conclusions and Relevance. Authors came to the conclusion that to make the national economy self-sufficient only possible when using an integrated and systematic measures within the state to support business organizations including in the framework of enterprise clusters.

The question of total integration of Russia to the world economy after the considerable period of its international economic blockade as part of USSR is now becoming ever more relevant, and also at times of WG. The continuous development of world trade has led to a significant increase and improvement of the market of goods and services that, in turn, has led to their increasing consumption. Today provide world goods and services do not just increased qualitatively compared with the twentieth century, today they are also grown and quantitatively, which inevitably leads to the improvement of the living standard of the population. Indeed, if we compare, for example, the standard of living of Europeans in the nineteenth century, the appearance of only one of such phenomena as water, has significantly improved the lives of people, because he allowed the maximum meet the demand for quality water, including each resident at home. Or you can give an example of how the invention at the beginning of XX century of penicillin, which helped successfully fight colds and, in the end, increased the overall lifespan of the population. Of course such goods and services a large multitude, and bring them into the example to date, in alphabetical order. However, such a strong development of the market of goods and services, which was formed on the capitalist principles that led to the collapse of the monetary system of the gold standard from 1870 to 1914, which was, at that time, the only correct and stable system of mutual settlements between consumers and producers. However, already in the nineteenth century, the growth in the number of goods and services began to significantly outpace the growth of income in the economy of the world's gold reserves (which are extremely limited level of gold production in the world). All of this led at first to a partial loss of value of gold, and later to the impossibility of securing all of the world's goods and services with gold. Of course, the situation with the settlements tried to save the introduction of the silver market funds, but over time, the cost of silver and gold also was not enough.

The author analyzes the speed and intensity of social and occupational mobility of young people as the key indicators of a quantitative analysis of the processes of mobility. The author examines the dynamics of the labor force in the modern Russian society. The paper deals with the general concept of the mechanism of social and labor mobility of young people. Social and labor mobility and professional orientation of young people is a prerequisite for successful implementation of government programs to deal with such types of unemployment, as structural and regional. In the analysis of the social and labor mobility and career counseling youth is advisable to apply a systematic method to identify a single set of factors that influence the processes of youth mobility. Implementation of the concept of social and occupational mobility of young people will be the maximum, will be formed if the conditions for economic growth, social and labor stability and state regulation of youth employment. The essence of the mechanism of labor mobility in the labor market force summarizes many specific phenomena economic, social, demographic and psychological nature. The structure of the mechanism of labor mobility in the labor market is made up of five elements: the economic mechanism and method of administration, socio-economic structure of society, the economic situation of the individual, motivational mechanisms of economic human behavior in the labor market, the movement of labor in the labor market, that is the mobility.

The main approaches to efficiency measurement recognized as world science and practice are considered. On the basis of this or that concept of efficiency measurement the characteristic of coefficient and econometric approaches is given. Comprehending econometric approach, authors decomposed efficiency on two complementary components – technological and allokative efficiency which descriptions are presented in article. Considering possibility of existence of limit of efficiency, authors investigate the boundary analysis and not boundary analysis from positions of advantages and shortcomings of their application. For specification of features of the boundary analysis they study nonparametric and parametrical approaches, and also the stochastic and determined approaches. It is shown that not boundary analysis rejects a hypothesis of existence of achievable limit of efficiency and is based on the assumption that there is a certain “average” condition of the enterprise corresponding to the current level of production under the operating external conditions, management level and so forth the deviation from which in the direction of its improvement is characteristic for more effective enterprises, and in the direction of deterioration – for less effective enterprises. Within not boundary analysis the indexes allowing to compare the enterprises for efficiency, in particular, indexes of Tornquist, Malmkvist, Paasche, Laysperes, and methods of regression analysis are widely used. Article is written with extensive application of economic-mathematical approaches to the writing of intrinsic characteristics of the analyzed efficiency assessment methods.

The article analyzes the Russian automotive market, the share of LADA cars in it, considers the functions of the car dealer, the key requirements of the dealer, the key factors that influence the development of the car market in Russia and the possibility of using additional measures to stimulate demand for cars.

The control system of transport of gas represents difficult human-machine system and includes gas transport resources, process of transport of gas and result of activities for gas transport. For the solution of an objective of optimization of management of system of transport of gas all set of the systems which are logging in transport of gas is classified by a sign of the processed component on three one-target classes: the power (change of characteristics of natural gas: volume of mix of gases, a chemical composition, pressure, temperature), processing (transportation of mass of mix of gases), information (receiving, processing, delivery of information on gas transport). Decomposition of system of transport of gas on the processing, power and information systems is made. The function chart of three-component model of system is made. As a basic component the complex of technical means of processing of gas (change of weight, energy and information) is allocated. For management of transport of gas of system complexes of information streams and complexes of control facilities are allocated. Interaction of active and passive systems, their influence on activity of management of transport of gas and coordination of management from Gazprom is considered. The place of dispatching management of gas transport which activity has to stimulate work of systems is defined. All set of systems of transport of gas is united by functional duties. The operational phase of system of transport of gas is presented by mathematical display of process of management of gas transport. Modeling of process of transport of gas is executed. The mathematical model of the optimized management of gas transport of system is developed. The global problem of management of transport of gas is solved by optimization of structure of management, inclusion in a contour of management of automated control systems, active participation in management of all elements of structure and observance of the established rules restrictions. The question of stability of the offered optimized control system of gas transport is considered. The analysis of reliability of the offered structure of management is made.

The article shows the need for extension of the subject and the methodology of the modern political economy to overcome the crisis of the general economic theory. The formation of the paradigm that will restore the integrity and will contain the past achievements of the economic science could be the solution to this crisis. A new wave of interest of the political economy approach could thus be the explanation to the fundamental problems of the economic theory. The augmented modern political economy can offer fundamentally new opportunities including prospects for the formulation of laws on which the information economy had been constructed. The formation of the complex and contradictory in content of the global socio-economic transformation of post-industrial structure, the essence of the formation of information society, is in the focus of social scientists who examined primarily political and social aspects of this complex process, while large-scale economic changes hardly find adequate reflection in the social sciences. The actual for modern political economy is the expansion of the subject due to socio-economic aspects of the formation of information society and information type of economy for the adequacy of the politico-economic analysis that have been shown in the article. As a result the methodology of modern political economy complicates and expands by the inclusion of the theory of the information society.

The article evaluates the efficiency of economic growth; particularly labor productivity is analyzed in terms of establishing the reasons for its insufficient level compared to developed countries’. Productivity of capital in Ukraine is investigated taking into account the factors determining its dynamics: the structure of fixed assets, their renovation and replacement; modernization and technical re-equipment, the organization of labor and production; the scope and quality to attract domestic and foreign capital.